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By Jiali Wang -- A summary of Steve Graham’s article “The Science of Writing is the science of Reading and Vice Versa” In this article, Steve Graham examines both theoretical and empirical evidence to support that the science of writing is the science of reading and vice versa. Let’s first look at what do theories tell us about why reading and writing should be integrated:
By Jazmin Cruz A 2020 study conducted by Graham, Kiuhara, and MacKay shows that writing about classroom content can enhance learning for students in grades 1-12. The study revealed that writing about content was equally effective across multiple subjects in supporting students’ comprehension and application of content knowledge.
By Jazmin Cruz Students can be supported synchronously or asynchronously during online writing instruction in the following ways.
 By Jiali Wang The drafting process can be challenging for students and online instruction may make it even harder for teachers to monitor students’ drafting process. Padlet can help teachers support and monitor students’ process-based writing.
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WRITE Center: Writing Research to Improve Teaching and EvaluationThe research reported here was supported by the Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education, through Grant R305C190007 to University of California, Irvine. In 2025 the National Writing Project took over management of this website and project resources. The opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not represent views of the Institute or the U.S. Department of Education.
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